Epidemiological and clinical studies show that the magnitude and scope of cervical disease
are on the rise, along with the world's rising aging population. From a biomechanical …

Abstract Background and Objective Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), or the narrowing of the
spinal canal, continues to be the leading preoperative diagnosis for adults older than 65 …

Introduction: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been considered as the
gold standard surgical treatment for cervical degenerative pathologies. Some surgeons tend …

While spinal fusion using rigid rods remains the gold standard treatment modality for various
lumbar degenerative conditions, its adverse effects, including accelerated adjacent segment …

Understanding the effect of impact loading on the mechanical response of the intervertebral
disc (IVD) is valuable for investigating injury mechanisms and devising effective therapeutic …

Finite element analysis is an effective tool to evaluate the material properties of living tissue.
For an interactive optimization procedure, the finite element analysis usually needs many …

The complex mechanical structure of spine is usually simplified in finite element (FE) modes.
In this study, different 3D models of L4-L5 spinal segment distinguished by their ligament …

Degenerative disc disease (DDD), regardless of its phenotype and clinical grade, is widely
associated with low back pain (LBP), which remains the single leading cause of disability …

The intervertebral disk cushions the load generated by human activity and absorbs energy
to keep the spine moving steadily. Vibration condition is one of the important causes of disk …

The dynamic loadings can be more harmful than static ones for the human lumbar spine
health. Consequently, the prediction of the spine behavior under dynamic and vibration …