Multicellularity is characterized by cooperation among cells for the development,
maintenance and reproduction of the multicellular organism. Cancer can be viewed as …

Benefits of increased size and functional specialization of cells have repeatedly promoted
the evolution of multicellular organisms from unicellular ancestors. Many requirements for …

If we were to point out in a few words what characterises the phenomenon of life, we would
probably mention the amazing plasticity and robustness of living systems, the innumerable …

Intrinsically disordered proteins and intrinsically disordered protein regions are highly
abundant in nature. However, the quantitative and qualitative measures of protein intrinsic …

Multicellularity enables the growth of complex life forms as it allows for the specialization of
cell types, differentiation and large-scale spatial organization. In a similar way, modular …

In the past decade, the volvocine green algae, spanning from the unicellular
Chlamydomonas to multicellular Volvox, have emerged as model organisms for a number of …

BACKGROUND Animals and land plants are the most diverse complex multicellular life-
forms on Earth, and their success intricately links a capacity for adhering cells to perform …

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), together with Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β
and Activins/Inhibins constitute the TGF-β superfamily of ligands. This superfamily is formed …

Background The pattern and timing of the rise in complex multicellular life during Earth's
history has not been established. Great disparity persists between the pattern suggested by …

Arguments for or against a trend in the evolution of complexity are weakened by the lack of
an unambiguous definition of complexity. Such definitions abound for both dynamical …