Rhythms with time scales of multiple cycles per second permeate the mammalian brain, yet
neuroscientists are not certain of their functional roles. One leading idea is that coherent …

Highlights•Individual oscillatory cycles constitute a functional unit that organizes activity in
neural networks.•Oscillatory phase is a key property of oscillations in limbic …

Fear memory formation and retention rely on the activation of distributed neural circuits. The
basolateral amygdala (BLA) and ventral hippocampus (VH) in particular are two regions that …

In this review, we focus on neuronal operant conditioning in which increments in neuronal
activities are directly rewarded without behaviors. We discuss the potential of this approach …

If genetic architectures of various quantitative traits are similar, as studies on model
organisms suggest, comparable selection pressures should produce similar molecular …

NMDAR antagonism alters mesolimbic, hippocampal, and cortical function, acutely
reproducing the positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. These …

The discovery of time cells revealed that the rodent hippocampus has information regarding
time. Previous studies have suggested that the role of hippocampal time cells is to integrate …

Synchronous, rhythmic firing of GABAergic interneurons is a fundamental mechanism
underlying the generation of brain oscillations, and evidence suggests that NMDA receptors …

Recognizing reward-related stimuli is crucial for survival. Neuronal projections from the
basolateral amygdala (BLA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) play an important role in …

The frontal eye field (FEF) is a key brain region to study visuomotor transformations because
the primary input to FEF is visual in nature, whereas its output reflects the planning of …