Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of
trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with …

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are
metabolites produced during the bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the intestinal tract …

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common breathing disorder in sleep in
which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep, causing obstructive sleep apnea. The …

A mounting body of evidence indicates that dietary fiber (DF) metabolites produced by
commensal bacteria play essential roles in balancing the immune system. DF, considered …

Tight junctions (TJs) play an important role in intestinal barrier function. TJs in intestinal
epithelial cells are composed of different junctional molecules, such as claudin and …

A growing body of research suggests that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolites
produced by intestinal symbiotic bacteria that ferment dietary fibers (DFs), play a crucial role …

The study of the gut microbiome has increasingly revealed an important role in modulating
brain function and mental health. In this review, we underscore specific pathways and …

The largest surface of the human body exposed to the external environment is the gut. At this
level, the intestinal barrier includes luminal microbes, the mucin layer, gastrointestinal …

Background The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in regulating gastrointestinal
(GI) physiology in part through interactions with the enteric nervous system (ENS) …

The microbiota is vital for the development of the immune system and homeostasis.
Changes in microbial composition and function, termed dysbiosis, in the respiratory tract and …