Obesity is on the rise in all developed countries, and a large part of this epidemic has been
attributed to excess caloric intake, induced by ever present food cues and the easy …

Recently published work and emerging research efforts have suggested that the olfactory
system is intimately linked with the endocrine systems that regulate or modify energy …

There are many advantages to defining emotions as states elicited by reinforcers, with the
states having a set of different functions. This approach leads towards an understanding of …

Recent data demonstrate that noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC-NE) are
required for fear-induced suppression of feeding, but the role of endogenous LC-NE activity …

As one of the evolutionary oldest parts of the brain, the diencephalon evolved to harmonize
changing environmental conditions with the internal state for survival of the individual and …

This article discusses the role of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) in feeding and drinking
and draws on data obtained from lesion and stimulation studies and neurochemical and …

Glucose homeostasis requires an organism to rapidly respond to changes in plasma
glucose concentrations. Iatrogenic hypoglycemia as a result of treatment with insulin or …

The traditional view of neural regulation of body energy homeostasis focuses on internal
feedback signals integrated in the hypothalamus and brainstem and in turn leading to …

The process by which the mammalian nervous system represents the features of a sapid
stimulus that lead to a perception of taste quality has long been controversial. The labeled …

A synthesis is presented for the control of nutrient intake in insects. The haemolymph plays a
central role and provides a constantly updated summary of nutritional state. Various ways …