The introduction of molecular oxygen into the atmosphere was accompanied by the
generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as side products of many biochemical …

Senescence represents the final developmental act of the leaf, during which the leaf cell is
dismantled in a coordinated manner to remobilize nutrients and to secure reproductive …

Sessile plants harness mitochondria and chloroplasts to sense and adapt to diverse
environmental stimuli. These complex processes involve the generation of pivotal signaling …

The term retrograde signaling refers to the fact that chloroplasts and mitochondria utilize
specific signaling molecules to convey information on their developmental and physiological …

In recent years many advances have been made to obtain insight into chloroplast
biogenesis and development. In plants several plastids types exist such as the proplastid …

Significance: In photosynthetic organisms, excited chlorophylls (Chl) can stimulate the
formation of singlet oxygen (1O2), a highly toxic molecule that acts in addition to its …

Chloroplasts produce singlet oxygen (1O2), which causes changes in nuclear gene
expression through plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling to increase plant fitness …

In addition to acting as photoprotective compounds, carotenoids also serve as precursors in
the biosynthesis of several phytohormones and proposed regulatory signals. Here, we …

The chloroplast is essential for photosynthesis and the production of hormones and
metabolites. As a consequence, its biogenesis and development needs to be coordinated …

The so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS) are defined as oxygen-containing species that
are more reactive than O 2 itself, which include hydrogen peroxide and superoxide …