The microbiome shapes many host traits, yet the biology of microbiomes challenges
traditional evolutionary models. Here, we illustrate how integrating the microbiome into …

Microorganismal diversity can be explained in large part by selection imposed from both the
abiotic and biotic environments, including—in the case of host-associated microbiomes …

How and when the microbiome modulates host adaptation remains an evolutionary puzzle,
despite evidence that the extended genetic repertoire of the microbiome can shape host …

Microbes are widely recognized to be vital to host health. This new consensus rests, in part,
on experiments showing how hosts malfunction when microbes are removed. More and …

Both plants and their associated microbiomes can respond strongly to anthropogenic
environmental changes. These responses can be both ecological (eg a global change …

Existing paradigms for plant microevolution rarely acknowledge the potential impacts of
diverse microbiomes on evolutionary processes. Many plant-associated microorganisms …

Plant functional strategies change considerably as plants develop, driven by intraindividual
variability in anatomical, morphological, physiological and architectural traits …

Animal development is an inherently complex process that is regulated by highly conserved
genomic networks, and the resulting phenotype may remain plastic in response to …

Interactions with microbial symbionts have yielded great macroevolutionary innovations
across the tree of life, like the origins of chloroplasts and the mitochondrial powerhouses of …

Plant development and the timing of developmental events (phenology) are tightly coupled
with plant fitness. A variety of internal and external factors determine the timing and fitness …