β-Endorphins are peptides that exert a wide variety of effects throughout the body. Produced
through the cleavage pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), β-endorphins are the primarily agonist …

Decades of research advances have established a central role for endogenous opioid
systems in regulating reward processing, mood, motivation, learning and memory …

The human species possesses two complementary, yet distinct, universal communication
systems—language and music. Functional imaging studies have revealed that some core …

Neuropathic pain (NP) refers to pain caused by primary or secondary damage or dysfunction
of the peripheral or central nervous system, which seriously affects the physical and mental …

Background Beta-endorphin (BE) has been suggested to play a central role as to why
people engage in NSSI. To our knowledge, no study has systematically assessed this …

Background Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is usually quantified using the visual analog
scale (VAS). However, the VAS is a subjective measure and prone to reporting bias …

This paper is the fortieth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …

In modern times there is increasing acceptance that music-based interventions are useful
aids in the clinical treatment of a range of neurological and psychiatric conditions, including …

Recently, more and more studies have found that pain generation, transmission and
modulation are under hormonal regulation. Indeed, hormonal dysregulation is a common …

Application of different anesthetic methods in coronary artery bypass grafting and its effect
on postoperative outcome were explored. Ninety-four patients undergoing coronary artery …