Objective To explore the differences in frequency and epidemiology of functional
gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in a primary care setting, and to examine the health …

Background and aim The association between body mass index (BMI) and functional
gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) has been inconsistent. We aimed to explore the …

Growing concern worldwide is evident regarding the insufficient retirement savings among
individuals in both developed and developing nations. Many individuals struggle to make …

Since the turn of the century, social pension programmes have evolved as a new instrument
for old-age provision in many Eastern, South-Eastern, and Southern Asian countries (Asher …

Malaysia is forecasted to become an ageing nation by 2030. As this may reflect an
improvement in the healthcare system, a lot of parties need to adapt to these changes …

Human mortality is unanticipated and unavoidable, particularly in light of the recent COVID‐
19 pandemic. Insurance companies, actuaries, financial institutions, demographers, and the …

Population ageing occurs all over the world, including Malaysia. The country is projected to
become an ageing nation by the year 2030; with 15.3 percent of Malaysian population being …

This chapter discusses the historical development of Malaysia's Civil Servant Pension,
followed by the Five-Pillar Model proposed by the World Bank in 2008, and the introduction …

Human mortality is unanticipated and unavoidable, particularly in light of the recent COVID-
19 pandemic. Insurance companies, actuaries, financial institutions, demographers, and the …

In line with the increasing desire for sustainability across numerous areas of study,
occupational pension sustainability has emerged among the core objectives of pension …