BACKGROUND Comparing patterns of terrestrial and marine defaunation helps to place
human impacts on marine fauna in context and to navigate toward recovery. Defaunation …

Understanding the processes shaping biological communities under multiple disturbances
is a core challenge in ecology and conservation science. Traditionally, ecologists have …

The population extinction pulse we describe here shows, from a quantitative viewpoint, that
Earth's sixth mass extinction is more severe than perceived when looking exclusively at …

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a potentially powerful tool to
assess aquatic community structures. However, the method has hitherto lacked field tests …

Poleward and upward shifts are the most frequent types of range shifts that have been
reported in response to contemporary climate change. However, the number of reports …

Marine megafauna, the largest animals in the oceans, serve key roles in ecosystem
functioning. Yet, one-third of these animals are at risk of extinction. To better understand the …

Freshwater ecosystems are among the most diverse and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. At
the same time, they are among the most threatened ecosystems but remain …

To manage marine ecosystems proactively, it is important to identify species at risk and
habitats critical for conservation. Climate change scenarios have predicted an average sea …

Studies have documented climate change–induced shifts in species distributions but
uncertainties associated with data and methods are typically unexplored. We reviewed 240 …

Bottom trawling has many impacts on marine ecosystems, including seafood stock
impoverishment, benthos mortality, and sediment resuspension. Historical records of this …