The subcommittee reviewed the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, natural history, morbidity
and questionnaires reported in epidemiological studies of dry eye disease (DED). A meta …

The role of the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) II
Diagnostic Methodology Subcommittee was 1) to identify tests used to diagnose and monitor …

The members of the Management and Therapy Subcommittee undertook an evidence-
based review of current dry eye therapies and management options. Management options …

Preservatives in multidose formulations of topical ophthalmic medications are crucial for
maintaining sterility but can be toxic to the ocular surface. Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) …

Pain associated with mechanical, chemical, and thermal heat stimulation of the ocular
surface is mediated by trigeminal ganglion neurons, while cold thermoreceptors detect …

The eye is one of the most complex organs in the human body, containing rich and critical
physiological information (eg, intraocular pressure, corneal temperature, and pH) as well as …

In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) is becoming an indispensable tool for studying corneal
physiology and disease. Enabling the dissection of corneal architecture at a cellular level …

In the field of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine, researchers are keen to
identify novel and reliable ways to predict and diagnose disease, as well as to monitor …

Diagnostic tests of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and of MGD-related disorders are
based on the demonstration of abnormal anatomy and physiology of the glands and the …

The ultimate goal of glaucoma management is the preservation of patients' visual function
and quality of life (QoL). The disease itself as well as the medical or surgical treatment can …