Frailty is a multiply determined, age-related state of increased risk for adverse health
outcomes. We review how the degree of frailty conditions the development of late-life …

Frailty can be viewed as a state of physiological decline that increases susceptibility to
adverse health outcomes. This loss of physiological reserve means that even small stressors …

There is an increasing proportion of the general population surviving to old age with
significant chronic disease, multi-morbidity, and disability. The prevalence of pre-frail state …

With ageing, the potency of individual risk factors traditionally associated with common
illnesses declines. Instead, it is becoming clear that the impact of a wide range of age …

When people age their mortality rate increases exponentially, following Gompertz's law.
Even so, individuals do not die from old age. Instead, they accumulate age-related illnesses …

Aging, the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is becoming progressively
more prevalent in our societies. A better understanding of how aging promotes CVD is …

Cardiovascular diseases increase dramatically with age in both men and women. While it is
clear that advanced age allows more time for individuals to be exposed to risk factors in …

A progressive decline in maximum heart rate (mHR) is a fundamental aspect of aging in
humans and other mammals. This decrease in mHR is independent of gender, fitness, and …

Studies on interventions that can delay or treat frailty in humans are limited. There is
evidence of beneficial effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on aspects …

Frailty is a complex syndrome affecting a growing sector of the global population as medical
developments have advanced human mortality rates across the world. Our current …