The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) was initially considered to be part of the endocrine
system regulating water and electrolyte balance, systemic vascular resistance, blood …

Sarcopenia is an important public health problem, characterized by age-related loss of
muscle mass and muscle function. It is a precursor of physical frailty, mobility limitation, and …

The cardiovascular system and the central nervous system (CNS) closely cooperate in the
regulation of primary vital functions. The autonomic nervous system and several compounds …

Background Although hypertension is a critical risk factor for dementia, the association
between primary aldosteronism (PA) and dementia has been scarcely reported. We aimed …

Abstract Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) is an enigmatic amnestic syndrome. We
conducted a systematic review to investigate the relationship between the conventional …

Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Despite
the extensive research, its pathophysiology remains largely unelucidated. Currently, more …

Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of the renin–angiotensin system
are closely linked, and their crosstalk commonly contributes to age-related physical and …

Background: Socioeconomic factors are important contributors to brain health. However,
data from developing countries (where social inequalities are the most prominent) are still …

Introduction Because Alzheimer's disease (AD) has significant heterogeneity in
encephalatrophy and clinical manifestations, AD research faces two critical challenges …