This article provides a wide-ranging overview of the support available to parliamentarians to
enhance the knowledge, skills and abilities they require to perform their individual roles and …

Tools dedicated to inferring the ideological leanings of legislators from observed votes—
techniques such as NOMINATE (Poole and Rosenthal 1997) or the item‐response‐theory …

A growing number of parliaments around the world have adopted anti-defection laws that
protect the unity of legislative party groups. Although they remain rare among established …

'Give back our seat'is a common cry in Australia when a Senator or Member chooses to quit
the party on whose platform s/he was elected while retaining the seat in Parliament. This …

The rich array of chapters in this book stems from two sources: researchers, to understand
how legislatures work, and professionals who provide democracystrengthening assistance …

Focusing on the contamination effects that may arise across the single-seat district (SSD)
and proportional representation (PR) tiers of mixed-member electoral systems like Japan's …

A key feature of parliaments is a built-in tension between the goals of party groups to
collectively promote their ideologies and policies and the aspirations of individual members …

New Zealand parliamentary procedure has been reformed gradually over the 80-year period
between 1935 and 2015. It has moved away from its Westminster roots in some important …

Parliamentary systems are typically studied under the assumption that parties are unitary
actors, but in fact maintaining party unity is the central strategic problem of modern …

Previous studies of identity and representation fail to fully recognise the complexity of
identity and its inherent relevance to representation. In addition, they insufficiently …