Tropical cyclones (TCs, also known as hurricanes and typhoons) generally form at low
latitudes with access to the warm waters of the tropical oceans, but far enough off the …

Abstract The Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) was a climate shift from a largely ice-free
greenhouse world to an icehouse climate, involving the first major glaciation of Antarctica …

A long-term record of global mean surface temperature (GMST) provides critical insight into
the dynamical limits of Earth's climate and the complex feedbacks between temperature and …

The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; 56 Ma) is one of our best geological
analogs for understanding climate dynamics in a “greenhouse” world. However, proxy data …

Stratocumulus clouds cover 20% of the low-latitude oceans and are especially prevalent in
the subtropics. They cool the Earth by shading large portions of its surface from sunlight …

The oxygen isotope compositions of carbonate and phosphatic fossils hold the key to
understanding Earth-system evolution during the last 500 million years. Unfortunately, the …

The early Eocene (56 to 48 million years ago) is inferred to have been the most recent time
that Earth's atmospheric CO 2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm. Global mean …

Dissolved oxygen (O2) is essential for most ocean ecosystems, fuelling organisms'
respiration and facilitating the cycling of carbon and nutrients. Oxygen measurements have …

Abstract The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (around 40 million years ago) was a roughly
400,000-year-long global warming phase associated with an increase in atmospheric CO2 …

The genus Acropora comprises the most diverse and abundant scleractinian corals
(Anthozoa, Cnidaria) in coral reefs, the most diverse marine ecosystems on Earth. However …