Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has dramatically altered clinical outcomes for cancer
patients and conferred durable clinical benefits, including cure in a subset of patients …

Unprecedented advances have been made in cancer treatment with the use of immune
checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, responses are limited to a subset of patients, and …

Immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape for cancer over the past decade.
Inhibitors of the immune checkpoint proteins cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 …

Despite the notable success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies in the
treatment of certain haematological malignancies, challenges remain in optimizing CAR …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed patient care in oncology but are
associated with a unique spectrum of organ-specific inflammatory toxicities known as …

The immunosuppressive molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is frequently
upregulated in human cancers. Binding of PD-L1 to its receptor, programmed death-1 (PD …

Therapies modulating the immune system offer the prospect of treating a wide range of
conditions including infectious diseases, cancer and autoimmunity. Biomaterials can …

The development of neoplasia involves a complex and continuous interplay between
malignantly transformed cells and the tumour microenvironment (TME). Cancer …

Context Therapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are transforming the
treatment landscape of urologic oncology. Nevertheless, an exhaustive overview of the …

Engineered T cell therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing T cells
(CAR-T cells) have great potential to treat many human diseases; however, inflammatory …