Abstract tRNAs are key partners in ribosome-dependent protein synthesis. This process is
highly dependent on the fidelity of tRNA aminoacylation by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases …

As the adaptor that decodes mRNA sequence into protein, the basic aspects of tRNA
structure and function are central to all studies of biology. Yet the complexities of their …

RNA structure plays roles in myriad cellular events including transcription, translation, and
RNA processing. Genome-wide analyses of RNA secondary structure in vivo by chemical …

Cellular senescence is characterized by a decrease in protein synthesis, although the
underlying processes are mostly unclear. Chemical modifications to transfer RNAs (tRNAs) …

Missense mutations account for approximately 50% of pathogenic mutations in human
genetic diseases, and most lack effective treatments. Gene therapies, gene editing, and …

RNA polymerase (Pol) III transcribes small untranslated RNAs such as 5S ribosomal RNA,
transfer RNAs, and U6 small nuclear RNA. Because of the functions of these RNAs, Pol III …

Translational fidelity is critical for microbial fitness, survival and stress responses. Much
remains unknown about the genetic and environmental control of translational fidelity and its …

Ribosomes are macromolecular machines that are globally required for the translation of all
proteins in all cells. Ribosome biogenesis, which is essential for cell growth, proliferation …

Eukaryotic gene expression is closely regulated by translation and turnover of mRNAs.
Recent advances highlight the importance of translation in the control of mRNA degradation …

Transfer tRNAs (tRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are highly conserved in all
kingdoms of life. Originally discovered as the molecules that deliver amino acids to the …