We utilize a Fourier transformation-based representation of Maxwell's equations to develop
physics-constrained neural networks for electrodynamics without gauge ambiguity, which …

We present a physics-constrained neural network (PCNN) approach to solving Maxwell's
equations for the electromagnetic fields of intense relativistic charged particle beams. We …

It is discovered that, for a high intensity beam, the 4 σ= 360°(or 4 ν= 1) resonance of a linear
accelerator is manifested through the octupolar term of space charge potential when the …

In the construction of high intensity accelerators, it is the utmost goal to minimize the beam
loss by avoiding or minimizing contributions of various halo formation mechanisms. As a …

It is shown that the sixth-order 6 σ= 720°(or 6∶ 2) resonance is manifested for high-intensity
beams of linear accelerators through the space charge potential when the depressed phase …

The particle-core model for a continuous cylindrical beam is used to describe the motion of
single particles oscillating in a uniform linear focusing channel. Using a random variation of …

The dynamics of high-intensity beams largely depends on their internal space charge forces.
These forces are responsible of non-linear coupling, emittance growth, and halo generation …

Recent systematic studies of resonant space charge effects and anisotropy have helped to
narrow the gap between idealized beam physics models of halos and high-current linac …

For the 4σ= 360 space-charge resonance in high intensity linear accelerators, the emittance
growth is surveyed for input Gaussian beams, as a function of the depressed phase advance …

Progress was made during the past decade towards a better understanding of halo
formation caused by beam mismatch in high-intensity beams. To test these ideas an …