In recent years, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, has
been considered to be involved in aging phenotypes across several species. This receptor …

Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism involves three primary pathways: the kynurenine (Kyn)
pathway (KP), the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) pathway, and the indole pathway …

The central nervous system (CNS) is the final frontier in drug delivery because of the blood–
brain barrier (BBB), which poses significant barriers to the access of most drugs to their …

Acute liver failure (ALF) has an abrupt onset with a frequently fatal outcome. Previous
studies have found that oral antibiotics prevent drug-induced liver injury in animal …

Background: Endometriosis affects women of reproductive age, and its pathogenesis is still
unclear. Typically, it overlaps other similar medical and surgical conditions, determining a …

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is prevalent in 90 countries, and yet no licensed
human vaccine exists against it. Toward control of leishmaniasis, we have developed …

The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is out of the question. Yet,
recent drawbacks have resulted in a strategic shift towards the application of MSC-derived …

The reprogramming of metabolism is a recognized cancer hallmark. It is well known that
different signaling pathways regulate and orchestrate this reprogramming that contributes to …

Tryptophan and its bioactive metabolites are associated with health conditions such as
systemic inflammation, cardiometabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. There …

Background Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an
autoimmune systemic disease, and the majority of AAV patients have renal involvement …