Oxygen is required to sustain aerobic organisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are
constantly released during mitochondrial oxygen consumption for energy production. Any …

Recent clinical and animal studies have shown that acute kidney injury (AKI), even if
followed by complete recovery of renal function, can eventually result in chronic kidney …

Renal anaemia is a common and important complication in patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD). The current standard‐of‐care treatment for renal anaemia in CKD patients …

In the United States the prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) reached epidemic
proportions in 2012 with over 600,000 patients being treated. The rates of ESRD among the …

Tissue hypoxia has been proposed as an important factor in the pathophysiology of both
chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI), initiating and propagating a …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem. Accumulating evidence
suggests that CKD aggravates renal hypoxia, and in turn, renal hypoxia accelerates CKD …

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is mainly caused by mutations of
the PKD1 gene and characterized by growth of bilateral renal cysts. Cyst growth is …

Over the past 20 years, there has been an increased appreciation of the long-term sequelae
of acute kidney injury (AKI) and the potential development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as an alteration of kidney structure and/or function
lasting for> 3 months. CKD affects 10% of the general adult population and is responsible for …

Hypoxia appears to have an important role in pathological conditions in many organs such
as kidney; however, a method to quantify intracellular oxygen tension in vivo has not been …