Autoimmune type 1 diabetes is characterized by selective destruction of insulin-secreting
beta cells in the pancreas of genetically susceptible individuals. The mechanisms …

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by
the destruction of pancreatic β cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated the key role of …

Abstract Tryptophan metabolites, including kynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and
picolinic acid, are key mediators of immunosuppression by cells expressing the tryptophan …

Immune imbalance in autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes may originate from
aberrant activities of effector cells or dysfunction of suppressor cells. All possible defective …

The stability of peptide-MHC complex (pMHC) is an important factor to shape the fate of
peptide-specific T cell immune response, but how it influences on T cell activation process is …

Uncommon or orphan diseases are less frequently addressed in mainstream medical
journals and, as a consequence, their understanding and clinical recognition may rely on …

Objective: To assess whether weakly recognized epitope variants induce anergy in HIV-1-
specific CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) clones as a mechanism of dysfunction. Design: HIV-1 …

HLA class II genes are known to be highly polymorphic, even in the regulatory non-coding
gene regions. Polymorphism in the promoter region potentially forms a strong basis for an …

Abstract CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in HIV-1 infection.
However, in most persons the HIV-1-specific CTL become dysfunctional. It has been …

The strength of interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with peptide presented in the context
of major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) is thought to influence the fate of T cells. For …