Shape-morphing devices, with their capacity to undergo structural transformations, are on
the verge of revolutionizing multiple domains, from human–machine interfaces to biomedical …

Functionally gradient materials (FGM) have gradual variations in their properties along one
or more dimensions due to local compositional or structural distinctions by design …

Shape-morphing structures that can reconfigure their shape to adapt to diverse tasks are
highly desirable for intelligent machines in many interdisciplinary fields. Shape memory …

Shape-morphing robots can change their morphology to fulfill different tasks in varying
environments, but existing shape-morphing capability is not embedded in a robot's body …

Inspired by the natural shape-morphing abilities of biological organisms, we introduce a
strategy for creating energy-efficient dynamic 3D metasurfaces through spatiotemporal …

Mechanical computing offers a new modality to formulate computational autonomy in
intelligent matter or machines without any external powering or active elements. Transition …

Polypyrrole (PPy) is a promising electrode material for energy storage devices and soft ionic
actuators owing to its high theoretical capacitance, excellent electrolyte tolerance, and easy …

Insects maintain remarkable agility after incurring severe injuries or wounds. Although
robots driven by rigid actuators have demonstrated agile locomotion and manipulation, most …

Liquid crystal elastomers are active materials that combine the anisotropic properties of
liquid crystals with the elasticity of polymer networks. The LCEs exhibit remarkable …

Programming the shape of soft smart materials is a challenging task due to the enormous
design space involved. In this study, we propose a novel approach to determine applied …