The influence of microorganisms growing as sessile communities in a large number of
human infections has been extensively studied and recognized for 30–40 years, therefore …

Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent gram-negative intracellular bacterium that causes
the zoonotic disease tularemia. Essential for its virulence is the ability to multiply within host …

Invertebrate animals have been used as medicinals for 4,000 years and have served as
models for research and teaching since the late 1800s. Interest in invertebrate models has …

Francisella tularensis is an intracellular pathogen that causes the fatal zoonotic disease
tularaemia. Critical for its pathogenesis is the ability of the phagocytosed bacteria to escape …

In recent years, studies on the intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis have greatly
intensified, generating a wealth of new information on the interaction of this organism with …

Drosophila has been the invertebrate model organism of choice for the study of innate
immune responses during the past few decades. Many Drosophila–microbe interaction …

Epithelial immunity protects the host from harmful microbial invaders but also controls the
beneficial microbiota on epithelial surfaces. When this delicate balance between pathogen …

Our understanding of the virulence and pathogenesis of Francisella spp. has significantly
advanced in recent years, including a new understanding that this organism can form …

Metabolic pathways are now considered as intrinsic virulence attributes of pathogenic
bacteria and thus represent potential targets for antibacterial strategies. Here we focused on …

Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative, facultative, intracellular bacterium that survives in
mammals, arthropods, and amoebae; however, macrophages are considered the key cells …