Eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels contribute to the rising phase of action
potentials and served as an early muse for biophysicists laying the foundation for our current …

Potassium channels are particularly important in determining the shape and duration of the
action potential, controlling the membrane potential, modulating hormone secretion …

Membrane ion channels are the fundamental electrical components in the nervous system.
Recent developments in X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM microscopy have revealed what …

Voltage-sensitive sodium channels and calcium channels are homologous proteins with
distinctly different selectivity for permeation of inorganic cations. This difference in function is …

Cardiac and nerve Na channels have broadly similar functional properties and amino acid
sequences, but they demonstrate specific differences in gating, permeation, ionic block …

Monte Carlo simulations of equilibrium selectivity of Na channels with a DEKA locus are
performed over a range of radius R and protein dielectric coefficient ɛ p. Selectivity arises …

Na channels that produce the action potentials of nerve and muscle include a selectivity filter
formed by both positively and negatively charged amino acid residues in a molecular pore …

In this review, voltage-gated proton channels are considered from a mainly teleological
perspective. Why do proton channels exist? What good are they? Why did they go to such …

The recent determination of cryo-EM structures of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels has
revealed many details of these proteins. However, knowledge of ionic permeation through …

Pore-blocking toxins are valuable probes of ion channels that underlie electrical signaling.
To be effective inhibitors, they must show high affinity and specificity and prevent ion …