Depression represents a global mental health concern, and disproportionally affects women
as they are twice more likely to be diagnosed than men. In this review, we provide a …

Stressful experiences, both physical and psychological, that are overwhelming (ie,
inescapable and unpredictable), can measurably affect subsequent neuronal properties and …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Parental Care”. Pregnancy and postpartum are
associated with dramatic alterations in steroid and peptide hormones which alter the …

Neurodevelopmental programming—the implementation of the genetic and epigenetic
blueprints that guide and coordinate normal brain development—requires tight regulation of …

Sex differences have been observed across many psychiatric diseases, especially mood
disorders. For major depression, the most prevalent psychiatric disorder, females show a …

BACKGROUND: Traumatic experiences in early life are risk factors for the development of
behavioral and emotional disorders. Such disorders can persist through adulthood and have …

Parental stress exposures are implicated in the risk for offspring neurodevelopmental and
neuropsychiatric disorders, prompting critical examination of preconception and prenatal …

Although studies have documented heightened stress sensitivity in major depressive
disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the mechanisms involved are …

BACKGROUND: Preclinical research findings suggest that exposure to stress and
concomitant hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation during early development …

Stressors motivate an array of adaptive responses ranging from 'fight or flight'to an internal
urgency signal facilitating long-term goals. However, traumatic or chronic uncontrollable …