For many evolutionary biologists, fitness differences cause trait frequency changes in
populations, and natural selection explains the evolution of adaptations. Treating fitness …

The costs and benefits of being social vary with environmental conditions, so individuals
must weigh the balance between these trade‐offs in response to changes in the …

Efforts to reconcile development and evolution have demonstrated that development is
biased, with phenotypic variation being more readily produced in certain directions …

Predator responses to warming can occur via phenotypic plasticity, evolutionary adaptation
or a combination of both, changing their top-down effects on prey communities. However, we …

A new scientific view of evolution is emerging—one that challenges and expands our
understanding of how evolution works. Recent research demonstrates that organisms differ …

Current climate change models predict an increase in temperature variability and extreme
events such as heatwaves, and organisms need to cope with consequent changes to …

Ectotherms are expected to be particularly vulnerable to climate change–driven increases in
temperature. Understanding how populations adapt to novel thermal environments will be …

Evolutionary biology was previously considered a historical science with predictions about
evolutionary trajectories believed to be near impossible. The development of high …

In this paper, we argue that the concept of 'species' should not be the main focus of research
and policies in biodiversity conservation. Diversity is important at all levels of life: within …

Given the threat of climate change to biodiversity, a growing number of studies are
investigating the potential for organisms to adapt to rising temperatures through changes in …