Background The use of peripheral nerve blocks for anesthesia and postoperative analgesia
has increased significantly in recent years. Adjuvants are frequently added to local …

In recent anesthetic practice, peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are used extensively for
surgical anesthesia and nonsurgical analgesia. PNBs offer many benefits over other …

Although beneficial in acute and chronic pain management, the use of local anaesthetics is
limited by its duration of action and the dose dependent adverse effects on the cardiac and …

Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly specific α2‑adrenergic agonist, which exhibits
anaesthetic‑sparing, analgesia and sympatholytic properties. DEX modulates gene …

Abstract α 2-Adrenoceptors are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system
(CNS) and the systemic administration of α 2-agonists such as dexmedetomidine produces …

Objectives: Single-injection erector spinae plane block (ESPB) provides good control of pain
relief after open thoracotomy surgeries. However, the duration of pain relief does not last …

Background The mesolimbic reward system plays a critical role in modulating nociception;
however, its underlying molecular, cellular, and neural circuitry mechanisms remain …

Surgery-induced acute postoperative pain and stress response can lead to prolonged
convalescence. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of intraoperative …

Abstract NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) plays critical roles in the initiation of inflammasome-
mediated inflammation in microglia, thus becomes an important therapeutic target of …

Even after a vast safety record, the role of spinal anesthesia (SA) as a primary anesthetic
technique in children remains contentious and is mainly limited to specialized pediatric …