CaMKII (the multifunctional Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) is a highly
validated signal for promoting a variety of common diseases, particularly in the …

Gap junctions are essential to the function of multicellular animals, which require a high
degree of coordination between cells. In vertebrates, gap junctions comprise connexins and …

Regulated necrosis (necroptosis) and apoptosis are crucially involved in severe cardiac
pathological conditions, including myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury and …

Summary Calcium/calmodulin (Ca 2+/CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) couples
increases in cellular Ca 2+ to fundamental responses in excitable cells. CaMKII was …

Physical challenges, emotional arousal, increased physical activity, or changes in the
environment can evoke stress, requiring altered activity of visceral organs, glands, and …

Many signals have risen and fallen in the tide of investigation into mechanisms of
myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). In our opinion, the multifunctional Ca and …

This review addresses open questions about the role of β-adrenergic receptors in cardiac
function and failure. Cardiomyocytes express all three β-adrenergic receptor subtypes—β1 …

Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca 2+ receptor protein mediating a large number of
signaling processes in all eukaryotic cells. CaM plays a central role in regulating a myriad of …

Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal regulator of various cellular functions. In cardiomyocytes,
Ca2+ is the central element of excitation–contraction coupling, but also impacts diverse …

Background: CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II) plays a central role in cardiac
ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury—an important therapeutic target for ischemic heart disease …