Within the field of natural-resources management, the application of adaptive management
is appropriate for complex problems high in uncertainty. Adaptive management is becoming …

Coral reefs are in dire need of effective governance, yet the science and planning of coral
reef protected areas largely stem from wealthy, developed nations, with very different social …

Targeted conservation and management programs are crucial for mitigating anthropogenic
threats to declining biodiversity. Although evolutionary processes underpin extant patterns of …

Conservation decisions often involve uncertainty about the underlying ecological and social
systems and, in particular, how these systems will respond to the implementation of …

Ecology Letters (2009) 12: 1336–1346 Abstract Marine Protected Areas are usually static,
permanently closed areas. There are, however, both social and ecological reasons to adopt …

A workshop of over 100 participants, balanced between fisheries management and
biodiversity conservation backgrounds, reviewed and synthesised experiences regarding …

Although the rapid recovery of fishes after establishment of a marine reserve is well known,
much less is known about the response of long‐lived, sessile, benthic organisms to …

Adaptive management acknowledges uncertainty and complexity in socio–ecological
systems, providing a structured approach for learning and for making the needed …

Many marine ecosystems are in critical decline. 2. Iterative assessments of the costs,
benefits, and problems associated with conservation initiatives such as marine protected …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are growing in popularity as a conservation tool, and there
are increasing calls for additional MPAs. Meta‐analyses indicate that most MPAs …