For many decades, countless studies have been performed regarding the effects of the
environment on traditional building materials, presenting methods to mostly quantify …

Organisms and time are important factors for rock weathering to form soils. However,
weathering time is usually difficult to quantitatively study, and the potential microorganisms …

Rising damp poses a significant threat to cultural heritage, yet its dynamics within actual
heritage sites remain inadequately understood, particularly regarding its evolution and the …

A chemical conversion method for the protection of the surface weathering stone artworks
was explored. By this method, the harmful calcium sulfate weathering layer on the stone …

The preservation of cultural heritage, particularly historical stone structures, represents a
very challenging matter due to several environmental and anthropogenic factors. Vicenza …

Electrical resistance can be a relevant indicator for the assessment of water transfer in
porous materials. The aim of this work was to establish a relationship between electrical …

Biological activity, climate and pollution are responsible for the degradation of building
stones, especially limestone, which is widely used in the Paris region. In order to determine …

This study investigates salt weathering in the indoor, humid environment of China's Jinsha
earthen site. Methods such as digital microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ion …

Soil formation by rock weathering is driven by a combination of parent material, climate,
organisms, topography, and time. Among these soil-forming factors, time plays a pivotal role …

A novel preparation method of calcite layer was explored for the conservation purpose of the
surface sulfation limestone artifacts. In this method, the alcoholic solution of calcium …