Studies of neurological patients with focal lesions involving ventromedial prefrontal cortex
(vmPFC) have demonstrated a critical role for this brain area in various aspects of cognition …

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) provides a framework to evaluate an individual decision-
making process through a simulated card game where the risks and rewards vary by the …

Objective: Among patients with brain damage, executive function deficits and impulsivity
correspond with propensity to engage in risky behaviors. Less research has addressed this …

Decision making and cognitive flexibility are two components of cognitive control that play a
critical role in the emergence, persistence, and relapse of gambling disorder. Transcranial …

Both testosterone and cortisol have major actions on financial decision-making closely
related to their primary biological functions, reproductive success and response to stress …

The typical gambler loses money but continues to gamble nonetheless. Why? Research
from orthodox and behavioral economics, psychology, sociology, and medicine has offered …

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a key brain region involved in complex cognitive functions
such as reward processing and decision making. Neuroimaging studies have reported …

Early differences in reward behavior have been linked to executive functioning
development. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are activated by …

Emotions significantly shape the way humans make decisions. However, the underlying
neural mechanisms of this influence remain elusive. In this study, we designed an …

Abstract The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was designed to assess decision-making under
conditions of complexity and uncertainty; it is currently one of the most widely used tests to …