Natural materials have always attracted intensive attention from multidisciplinary scientists
all over the world. In fact, the ingenious and reasonable synthetic strategies of the limited …

Developing high-performance composite materials is of great significance as a strong
support for high-end manufacturing. However, the design and optimization of composite …

Metamaterials have unprecedented properties that facilitate the development of advanced
devices and machines. However, their interconnected building structures limit their …

The tension‐torsion coupling metamaterial (TTCM) exhibits torsional deformation while
stretching, with the degree of freedom exceeding the Cauchy elasticity. However, the TTCM …

The human head is most vulnerable to injury during activities such as road traffic and sports.
To mitigate the risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI), helmets serve as an important protective …

Natural impact-resistant biomaterials, with ingenious and exquisite geometric configurations,
have resistance to external impact, and thus provide a perfect bionic example for the …

This review describes the formation, structure, and function of bony compartments in antlers,
horns, ossicones, osteoderm and the os penis/os clitoris (collectively referred to herein as …

Inspired by impact-resistant hedgehog spine and beetle's forewing, the thin-walled
structures of simple hedgehog spine and multilevel hedgehog spine were designed …

Hedgehog spines with evolved unique structures are studied on account of their remarkable
mechanical efficiency. However, because of limitations of existing knowledge, it remains …

Spines are ubiquitous in both plants and animals, and while most spines were likely
originally used for defense, over time many have been modified in a variety of ways. Here …