Water hammer is an undesired hydraulic shock phenomenon in water supply pipe systems.
It is very important to simulate water hammer for preventing the hazard of over pressure. In …

The branching design strategy was recognized as being a practical technique for water-
hammer surge control in pressurized steel-piping systems. This strategy is based on adding …

The prediction of the pressure inside the air pocket in water pipelines has been the topic for
a lot of research works. Several aspects in this field have been discussed, such as the filling …

Air vessels can effectively prevent water hammer caused by pump failure; however, the
thermodynamic behaviour and accurate model of air in air vessels are rarely discussed, and …

Applying bypass (parallel) flexible tubes made of rubber was studied for the first time, affixed
on an uPVC pipeline upstream of a regulation valve, to mitigate water hammer effects by …

The in-series connections of multi-pipes involving steel and polymeric materials were
identified as being an effective design tool to extenuate water-hammer surges induced into …

The renewable energy protocol in the world pushed most countries to extensive use of
renewable energy sources, in exchange for a reduction of energy from conventional …

Economic and efficient transient control measures are always required to ensure safe and
performant operation of water distribution networks (WDNs). This study presents extensive …

In this study, the location of air vessels in long-distance water supply systems was
investigated. The relation between location and pressure amplitude of the air vessel was …

The use of air vessels is an effective measure to control water hammer in a long-distance
water supply system. The traditional shape of such vessels is cylindrical. In this paper, an …