The p38 family is a highly evolutionarily conserved group of mitogen-activated protein
kinases (MAPKs) that is involved in and helps co-ordinate cellular responses to nearly all …

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection.
Although our understanding in the pathophysiological features of sepsis has increased …

Macrophages acquire distinct phenotypes during tissue stress and inflammatory responses,
but the mechanisms that regulate the macrophage polarization are poorly defined. Here we …

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) participate in the rapid inhibition and clearance of
pathogens during infection; however, the molecular regulation of NET formation remains …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) display an immature phenotype that may assume
a classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated phenotype (M2) in tumors. In this study …

Macrophages differentiated into a classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated
phenotype (M2) in infection and tumor, but the precise effects of glycolysis and oxidative …

As important effector cells in inflammation, macrophages can be functionally polarized into
either inflammatory M1 or alternatively activated anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype depending …

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ensure blood cell production during the life-time of an
organism, and to do so they need to balance self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 is an essential family of kinases,
regulating responses to environmental stress and inflammation. There is an ever-increasing …

Aims Immune stress in broiler chickens is characterized by the development of persistent pro-
inflammatory responses that contribute to degradation of production performance. However …