Galaxy formation is at the heart of our understanding of cosmic evolution. Although there is a
consensus that galaxies emerged from the expanding matter background by gravitational …

We review the current theory of how galaxies form within the cosmological framework
provided by the cold dark matter paradigm for structure formation. Beginning with the pre …

Abstract The DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (http://legacysurvey. org/) are a combination of
three public projects (the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey, the Beijing–Arizona Sky …

This paper describes the open-source code Enzo, which uses block-structured adaptive
mesh refinement to provide high spatial and temporal resolution for modeling astrophysical …

The first generation of stars in the universe is yet to be observed. There are two leading
theories for those objects that mark the beginning of the cosmic dawn: hydrogen burning …

We perform a large set of radiation hydrodynamic simulations of primordial star formation in
a fully cosmological context. Our statistical sample of 100 First Stars shows that the first …

The origin of the supermassive black holes that inhabit the centres of massive galaxies
remains unclear,. Direct-collapse black holes—remnants of supermassive stars, with …

We perform cosmological hydrodynamics simulations with non-equilibrium primordial
chemistry to obtain 59 minihalos that host first stars. The obtained minihalos are used as the …

The cosmic dark ages ended a few hundred million years after the big bang, when the first
stars began to fill the universe with new light. It has generally been argued that these stars …

By definition, Population III stars are metal-free, and their protostellar collapse is driven by
molecular hydrogen cooling in the gas phase, leading to large characteristic masses …