Climate seasonality drives ant–plant–herbivore interactions via plant phenology in an extrafloral nectary‐bearing plant community
Interactions between ants and plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are among the
most common mutualisms in Neotropical regions. Plants secrete extrafloral nectar, a …
most common mutualisms in Neotropical regions. Plants secrete extrafloral nectar, a …
Optimal defense theory in an ant–plant mutualism: extrafloral nectar as an induced defence is maximized in the most valuable plant structures
Plants allocate defences in order to decrease costs and maximize benefits against
herbivores. The Optimal Defense Theory (ODT) predicts that continuously expressed (ie …
herbivores. The Optimal Defense Theory (ODT) predicts that continuously expressed (ie …
Ant pollination of Paepalanthus lundii (Eriocaulaceae) in Brazilian savanna
Abstract Background and Aims Ant–plant associations are widely diverse and distributed
throughout the world, leading to complex ecological networks. Regarding ant–plant …
throughout the world, leading to complex ecological networks. Regarding ant–plant …
Plant species specificity of ant–plant mutualistic interactions: Differential predation of termites by Camponotus crassus on five species of extrafloral nectaries plants
There is increasing evidence that the outcomes of mutualistic interactions between ants and
plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are context‐dependent. In particular, the total …
plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are context‐dependent. In particular, the total …
Emerging Trends in Ant–Pollinator Conflict in Extrafloral Nectary-Bearing Plants
ES Calixto, IC de Oliveira Pimenta, D Lange… - Plants, 2024 - mdpi.com
The net outcomes of mutualisms are mediated by the trade-offs between the costs and
benefits provided by both partners. Our review proposes the existence of a trade-off in ant …
benefits provided by both partners. Our review proposes the existence of a trade-off in ant …
Net benefits of a mutualism: Influence of the quality of extrafloral nectar on the colony fitness of a mutualistic ant
Aim Extrafloral nectar, a carbohydrate‐rich liquid, is the main plant‐based resource offered
in exchange for ant protection. The positive results of this protection provided by ants are …
in exchange for ant protection. The positive results of this protection provided by ants are …
Revisiting ant-plant-pollinator interactions: plant fitness depends on mutualist identity
Two species may share a mutualistic interaction if the benefits gained by the interaction
outweigh the costs incurred. In this study, we tested experimentally how the identity of ants …
outweigh the costs incurred. In this study, we tested experimentally how the identity of ants …
Biotic defenses against herbivory
RF Moura, E Colberg, E Alves-Silva… - … Interactions: Source of …, 2021 - Springer
Biotic defenses, often called indirect defenses, are relationships in which one organism
attracts predators of its own enemies. A classic example of biotic defense is the ant-plant …
attracts predators of its own enemies. A classic example of biotic defense is the ant-plant …
Contrasting effects of herbivore damage type on extrafloral nectar production and ant attendance
The ant-plant mutualism mediated by extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) is based on the provision
of extrafloral nectar (a sugar-rich liquid) in exchange for ant defense against herbivores. The …
of extrafloral nectar (a sugar-rich liquid) in exchange for ant defense against herbivores. The …
Mutualistic interactions between plants with extrafloral nectaries and ants: ecological impacts, ant sharing among neighboring plants, and the effects of environmental …
R do Rosario Nogueira - Community Ecology, 2025 - Springer
Mutualistic interactions between plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and ants are key
ecological processes in many ecosystems, particularly in the Neotropics. These interactions …
ecological processes in many ecosystems, particularly in the Neotropics. These interactions …