Authentication and cryptography are critical security functions and, thus, are very often
included as part of code. These functions require using credentials, such as passwords …

The rapid growth of traffic trajectory data and the development of positioning technology
have driven the demand for its analysis. However, in the current application scenarios, there …

In password guessing, the Markov model is still widely used due to its simple structure and
fast inference speed. However, the Markov model based on random sampling to generate …