Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) organize knowledge on the progression of toxicity
through levels of biological organization. By determining the linkages between toxicity …

The documents on Metallothioneins (MTs) in aquatic creatures, especially focusing on their
function as biomarkers in environmental monitoring programmes, are vast and increasing …

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that can pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms. To
evaluate the physiological response and defense mechanism of fish intestine to Cd toxicity …

Nitrogen from ammonia is one of the most common pollutants toxics to aquatic species in
aquatic environment. The intestinal mucosa is one of the key mucosal defenses of aquatic …

Abstract Metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) and metallothionein (MT)
expression are involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification. Here, we characterized the …

Copper ions (Cu) are essential to life maintenance, nonetheless, elevated concentrations
can be hazardous. Acute and sub-chronic toxic effects of this metal are well known and are …

The enhanced expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and metallothionein (MT) can be
detected in response to many environmental stressors, including exposure to heavy metals …

White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) are among the most sensitive species of fishes to
Cu, Cd, and Zn, but there is no information about sensitivity of lake sturgeon (Acipenser …

Terrestrial snails (Gastropoda) possess Cd-selective metallothioneins (CdMTs) that
inactivate Cd2+ with high affinity. Most of these MTs are small Cysteine-rich proteins that …

The toxic effects of copper (Cu) are linked to dysfunction of metabolism and depletion of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Nevertheless, the effects related to phosphoryl transfer …