For over three decades, a mainstay and goal of clinical oncology has been the development
of therapies promoting the effective elimination of cancer cells by apoptosis. This …

Macrophages have a leading position in the tumor microenvironment (TME) which paves the
way to carcinogenesis. Initially, monocytes and macrophages are recruited to the sites …

Cytokines related to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) provide a communication network essential
for coordinating multiple cell types into an effective host defense system against pathogens …

NK cells are key mediators of immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward infected and
transformed cells, being one of the main executors of cell death in the immune system. NK …

After a quarter century of rapid advances, cancer research has generated a rich and
complex body of knowledge, revealing cancer to be a disease involving dynamic changes in …

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a key regulator of physiological growth control and
regulation of tissue homeostasis. One of the most important advances in cancer research in …

Every cell in a multicellular organism has the potential to die by apoptosis, but tumour cells
often have faulty apoptotic pathways. These defects not only increase tumour mass, but also …

Abstract Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), is an inflammatory cytokine produced by
macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and is responsible for a diverse range …

▪ Abstract Caspase activation plays a central role in the execution of apoptosis. The key
components of the biochemical pathways of caspase activation have been recently …

Breast cancer (BC) is the main cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally.
Despite substantial advances in the identification and management of primary tumors …