The Handbook of Natural Language Processing, Second Edition presents practical tools
and techniques for implementing natural language processing in computer systems. Along …

Abstract The LinGO (Linguistic Grammars Online) project's English Resource Grammar and
the LKB grammar development environment are language resources which are freely …

Due to the large variability in the speech signal, the speech recognition process constitutes
the major source of errors in most spoken dialogue systems. A spoken dialogue system can …

This paper describes new and improved techniques which help a unification-based parser
to process input efficiently and robustly. We show that combining these methods leads to a …

This paper describes AUTOSEM, a robust semantic interpretation framework that can
operate both at parse time and repair time. The evaluation demonstrates that AUTOSEM …

We describe basic concepts and software architectures for the integration of shallow and
deep (linguistics-based, semantics-oriented) natural language processing (NLP) …

Spoken dialogue systems are a new breed of interfaces that enable humans to
communicate with machines naturally and efficiently using a conversational paradigm. Such …

The goal of the Atlas project is to increase the opportunities for students to construct their
own knowledge by conversing (in typed form) with a natural language-based ITS. In this …

This chapter presents basic techniques for grammar-driven natural language parsing, that is,
analyzing a string of words (typically a sentence) to determine its structural description …

In this paper, we show how prosodic information can be used in automatic dialogue systems
and give some examples of promising new approaches. Most of these examples are taken …