T follicular helper (Tfh) cells with the phenotype of mainly expressing surface molecules
CXC motif chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5), inducible co-stimulator (ICOS), secreting …

The advent of T-cell-based immunotherapy has remarkably transformed cancer patient
treatment. Despite their success, the currently approved immunotherapeutic protocols still …

Background Iguratimod (IGU) reduces hypergammaglobulinemia and disease activity in
pSS (primary Sjögren's syndrome) patients. However, the therapeutical mechanism of IGU …

The polarization of macrophages to the M1 or M2 phenotype has a pivotal role in
inflammatory response following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Peli1, an E3 …

Pellino1 (Peli1) is a highly conserved E3 Ub ligase that exerts its biological functions by
mediating target protein ubiquitination. Extensive evidence has demonstrated the crucial …

Background Psoriasis is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease primarily
perpetuated by skin-resident IL-17–producing T (T17) cells. Pellino-1 (Peli1) belongs to a …

Background The immunological checkpoint known as Inducible T Cell Costimulatory Factor
(ICOS, Cluster of Differentiation, CD278) is activated and expressed on T cells. Both somatic …

Ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation is a post-transcriptional protein modification
that is comprised of various components including the 76-amino acid protein ubiquitin (Ub) …

CD4+ T cells are an integral component of the adaptive immune response, carrying out
many functions to combat a diverse range of pathogenic challenges. These cells exhibit …

Impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a prominent feature of metabolic remodeling observed
in pathological myocardial hypertrophy. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4α) is closely …