Abstract This Living Review presents an overview of the research on European identity in
the context of EU governance by focusing on central debates in the political science …

The decisions to impose sanctions on Russia and to lift them on Iran, in opposition to the
wishes of the United States, contributed to the elevation of the profile of the European Union …

Abstract The European Union's (EU's)'geoeconomic turn'denotes the growing integration of
international security considerations into EU economic policies. This article introduces the …

Abstract The European Union is best understood as a liberal power–as an actor that is
composed of liberal democracies whose interests, identities and institutions motivate and …

Irrespective of their final outcome, the Arab uprisings have changed the region profoundly
with important consequences for external actors as well. Since 1995, the European Union …

The effectiveness of sanctions cannot purely be measured by the way they change the
behaviour of their intended target. The degree to which sanctions constrain a rogue state's …

For long, its lack of military means served to single the European Union out as a “civilian” or
“normative power”. However, since 2003 twelve EU military operations have been launched …

The EU agreed a 'global strategy on foreign and security policy'in June 2016, in the midst of
unprecedented turmoil within the EU and outside it. This article begins with a discussion of …

Why are the sociology of knowledge about the EU as a global actor and policy production of
the EU's external actions always talked about in dichotomous terms of one approach 'versus' …

Some dismiss the recent EU Global Strategy as a “triumph of hope over experience”, an
impracticable and therefore ultimately irrelevant statement; others are enthusiastic about …