The lack of regulations and oversight on Online Social Networks (OSNs) has resulted in the
rise of social spam, which is the dissemination of unsolicited and low-quality content that …

The emergence of social media platforms like Twitter has significantly changed the
landscape of communication by increasing accessibility for widely disseminating official …

The growth of technology and social media websites has increased the potential to online
explore different products and places around the globe. While online websites are primarily …

Nowadays, technology has shifted the way individuals access news from conventional
media sources to social media platforms. The active engagement of people with social …

Fingerprint based human identification is one of the authentic biometric recognition systems
due to the permanence and uniqueness of the finger impressions. There is the extensive …

The proliferation of online social networking sites (OSNs) platforms like Twitter has led to an
increase in spam and the presence of fake user accounts, posing significant challenges to …

The gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is an eminent heuristic algorithm inspired by the
laws of gravity and motion. It possesses an independent physical model in which the mass …