A major challenge in Parkinson's disease is the variability in symptoms and rates of
progression, underpinned by heterogeneity of pathological processes. Biomarkers are …

This comprehensive narrative review explores the concept of neuro-vulnerability in energy
metabolism regulation and its implications for metabolic disorders. The review highlights the …

Gut microbiota disturbance and systemic inflammation have been implicated in the
degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). How the alteration of …

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a unique technique for providing quantitative
information on tissue magnetic susceptibility using phase image data. QSM can provide …

Background Degeneration of the locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic system contributes to
clinical symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Diffusion …

Abnormal iron accumulation has been implicated in the etiology of Parkinson's disease
(PD). Understanding how iron damages dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) …

Sleep disruptions associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) damage the brain's
sleep-regulating regions. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques can …

Melanin, a ubiquitous dark pigment, plays important roles in the immune system, including
scavenging reactive oxygen species formed in response to ultraviolet radiation absorption …

Background There is a lack of automated tools for the segmentation and quantification of
neuromelanin (NM) and iron in the nigrosome‐1 (N1). Existing tools evaluate the N1 sign, ie …

Background Differential diagnosis of essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) can
still be a challenge in clinical practice. These two tremor disorders may have different …