In recent decades, human–Rangifer (reindeer and caribou) interactions have increasingly
been studied from a scientific perspective. Many of the studies have examined Norwegian …

Reindeer grazing has been entitled as ecological keystone in arctic–alpine landscapes. In
addition, reindeer husbandry is tightly connected to the identity of the indigenous Sámi …

Context Over the last decade, we have seen a massive increase in the construction of wind
farms in northern Fennoscandia. Wind farms comprising hundreds of wind turbines are …

Reindeer management (RM) in northern Fennoscandia is an example of social-ecological
systems (SESs) providing social, cultural, ecological, and economic values. Changing …

Boreal forests in Sweden are exploited in a number of ways, including forestry and reindeer
husbandry. In the winter, reindeer feed mainly on lichens, and lichen-rich forests are a key …

Roles of intensive reindeer grazing and several additional land use factors in the reduction
in ground lichens (Cladonia spp.) in pastures grazed by the semi-domesticated reindeer …

In northern Finland, reindeer-herd management has experienced two major transitions:
extensification of intensive herding, and development of supplementary/corral feeding in …

During past decades, the amounts of infrastructure and human activity have increased in
northern latitudes. Although the effects of human development on wild reindeer and caribou …

Reindeer husbandry and forestry are two main land users in boreal forests in northern
Sweden. Modern forestry has numerous negative effects on the ground-growing and …

Controversy between alternative uses of forests in Finnish Upper Lapland has been going
on for decades, and in recent years it has been escalated to a serious conflict. The core of …