3D geospatial information has always been a challenge due to a variety of data models,
resolutions and details, ways of representation (b-reps, voxel, SCG), etc. After 9/11 the …

D analysis in GIS is still one of the most challenging topics for research. With the goal being
to model possible movement within the built environment, this paper, therefore, proposes a …

Geographic Information Systems mainly tend to be two dimensional, thus limiting the
applications. As GIS are being developed, researchers and practioners are finding new …

A three dimensional (3D) model facilitates the study of the real world objects it represents. A
geoinformation system (GIS) should exploit the 3D model in a digital form as a basis for …

There is no doubt about the importance of Geo-ICT in risk and disaster management.
Systems that make use of geo-information are used in all activities before, during and after …

The least-cost path problem is a widely studied problems in geographic information science.
In raster space, the problem is to find a path that accumulates the least amount of cost …

It has been argued very effectively by some of the most prominent geographers (eg, Ullman
1954; Gould 1991) that transportation and the various modalities of spatial interactions …

Geospatial research on emergency response in multi-level micro-spatial environments (eg,
multi-story buildings) that aims at understanding and analyzing human movements at the …

How a person perceives risk is fundamental in explaining how he or she will react to the risk.
This perception of a hazard will cause a person to take certain actions to protect themselves …

Wayfinders typically travel in dynamic environments where barriers and requirements
change over time. In many cases, uncertainty exists about the future state of this changing …