The past decade transformed our observational understanding of energetic particle
processes in near‐Earth space. An unprecedented suite of observational systems was in …

The first major scientific discovery of the Space Age was that the Earth is enshrouded in
toroids, or belts, of very high-energy magnetically trapped charged particles. Early …

The basic structure and dynamics of the primary electric current systems in the Earth's
magnetosphere are presented and discussed. In geophysics, the word current is used to …

A statistical study was conducted of Earth's radiation belt electron response to geomagnetic
storms using NASA's Van Allen Probes mission. Data for electrons with energies ranging …

Wave-particle interactions play a fundamental role in the dynamic variability of Earth's donut-
shaped radiation belts that are highly populated by magnetically trapped energetic particles …

Many spacecraft fly within or through a natural and variable particle accelerator powered by
the coupling between the magnetosphere and the solar wind: the Earth's radiation belts …

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves could cause a simultaneous dropout of
radiation belt electrons and ring current protons. However, their effects on the dropout of …

We present a comparative analysis of first principles Global Self‐consistent Model of the
Thermosphere, Ionosphere, and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) in prediction of ionospheric …

Based on over 4 years of Van Allen Probes measurements, an empirical model of radiation
belt electron equatorial pitch angle distribution (PAD) is constructed. The model, developed …

In the last few decades, solar activity has been diminishing, and so space weather studies
need to be revisited with more attention. The physical processes involved in dealing with …