The growing scale and complexity of process industries have brought safety, health, and
environmental issues to the forefront. As a result, proactive risk reduction strategies (RRSs) …

This paper reviews principal concepts, tools, and metrics for risk management and
Inherently Safer Design (ISD) during the conceptual stage of process design. Even though …

Since the inception of inherent safety in the 1970s, impressive progress has been made in
using it to shape Friendlier Chemical Processes (FCP) which are largely characterized by …

Highlights•Safety is a major component for the operation of chemical processes.•Some
approaches have been proposed to provide a measure for safety.•Efforts to include safety …

An inherently safer approach is becoming a key parameter of process and plant design.
However, a lack of established guidelines and methods hinders most industries from …

The purpose of process safety is the prevention and mitigation of incidents arising from
process-related hazards while inherent safety design is one of the most effective ways to …

Chemical process manufacturing is associated with risks, which cannot be eliminated.
Anyhow, controlling or minimizing of risks is possible up to a certain extent through various …

Edwin Drake drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859 to use extracted oil as a
substitute for whale oil—the main lighting source and feedstock for consumer and chemical …

The purification of air polluted by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using the TiO 2-
mediated photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) method was analyzed from a hygienic point of view …

This study presents a mechanistic framework for assessing and mitigating hydrogen leakage
risks in Mobile Hydrogen Refueling Stations (MHRS) based on inherent safety concepts. A …