Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and
populations. At present, there are 34 recognized human blood groups and hundreds of …

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common cause of E. coli diarrhea in
farm animals. ETEC are characterized by the ability to produce two types of virulence factors …

Diseases that result from infection are, in general, a consequence of specific interactions
between a pathogenic organism and the cells. The study of host-pathogen interactions has …

Highlights•Cells are covered by a dense, protective glycan layer, the glycocalyx.•Viruses,
bacteria and fungi exploit these glycans to gain entry to the host.•The mucus layer covering …

Cholera toxin B-subunit (CTxB) has emerged as one of the most widely utilized tools in
membrane biology and biophysics. CTxB is a homopentameric stable protein that binds …

The ABH and Lewis antigens were among the first of the human red blood cell
polymorphisms to be identified and, in the case of the former, play a dominant role in …

Protein toxins released by certain intestinal bacteria are the cause of many diarrhoeal
diseases including cholera and travellers' diarrhoea. The toxins enter their target cells by …

Glycan-mediated interactions play a crucial role in biology and medicine, influencing
signalling, immune responses, and disease pathogenesis. However, the use of glycans in …

Cholera is a life-threatening diarrhoeal disease caused by the human pathogen Vibrio
cholerae. Infection occurs after ingestion of the bacteria, which colonize the human small …

Multivalent glycosylated materials (polymers, surfaces, and particles) often show high affinity
toward carbohydrate binding proteins (eg, lectins) due to the nonlinear enhancement from …