Highlights•Several mechanisms control faithful action potential propagation along the
axon.•Action potential waveform is compartmentalized in different axonal segments.•Analog …

Striatal dopamine (DA) release is critical for motivated actions and reinforcement learning,
and is locally influenced at the level of DA axons by other striatal neurotransmitters. Here …

Axons of dopaminergic neurons innervate the striatum where they contribute to movement
and reinforcement learning. Past work has shown that striatal GABA tonically inhibits …

Light-gated chloride channels are emerging as promising optogenetic tools for inhibition of
neural activity. However, their effects depend on the transmembrane chloride …

Movement and posture depend on sensory feedback that is regulated by specialized
GABAergic neurons (GAD2+) that form axo-axonic contacts onto myelinated proprioceptive …

The processing of synaptic signals in somatodendritic compartments determines neuronal
computation. Although the amplification of excitatory signals by local voltage-dependent …

Early life stress (ELS) alters the excitation-inhibition-balance (EI-balance) in various rodent
brain areas and may be responsible for behavioral impairment later in life. The EI-balance is …

Sensory and corticospinal tract (CST) pathways activate spinal GABAergic interneurons that
have axoaxonic connections onto proprioceptive (Ia) afferents that cause long‐lasting …

Developmental, cellular, and subcellular variations in the direction of neuronal Cl–currents
elicited by GABA A receptor activation have been frequently reported. We found a …

Although Down syndrome (DS), the most common developmental genetic cause of
intellectual disability, displays proliferation and migration deficits in the prenatal frontal …